Just as studying the stable hydrogen atom and its excitations unlocked a profound understanding of electromagnetic interactions, exploring the internal structure of stable proton and its excited states is crucial for grasping the fundamental theory of the strong interactions. Can we pursue this goal successfully through the fundamental equations of motion expressed in terms of quarks and gluons? This work provides an overview of some of the corresponding progress in computing physically measurable quantities, alongside the corresponding experimental efforts at leading accelerators and particle colliders worldwide. Comparisons are drawn with experimental observations and predictions from other theoretical approaches.