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<title>30th International Cosmic Ray Conference</title>
<description>The 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference will be held from July 3, 2007 to July 11, 2007 in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.</description>
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 <name>Merida, Mexico</name>
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<startDate>2007-07-03T08:00:00</startDate>
<endDate>2007-07-11T19:00:00</endDate>
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 <title>Electron Injection at Quasi-Perpendicular Supernova Remnant Shocks</title>
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   <name first="Takanobu" middle="" last="Amano"></name>
   <organization>University of Tokyo</organization>
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   <name first="Takanobu" middle="" last="Amano"></name>
   <organization>University of Tokyo</organization>
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   <name first="Masahiro" middle="" last="Hoshino"></name>
   <organization>University of Tokyo</organization>
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  <name>Merida, Mexico</name>
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 <startDate>2007-07-07T08:42:00</startDate>
 <endDate>2007-07-07T08:54:00</endDate>
 <duration>00:12</duration>
 <abstract>Electron injection process at high Mach number collisionless quasiperpendicular shock
waves is investigated by means of one-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell
simulations. We find that energetic electrons are generated through the following two
steps: (1) electrons are accelerated nearly perpendicular to the local magnetic field
by shock surfing acceleration at the leading edge of the shock transition region. (2)
the preaccelerated electrons are further accelerated by shock drift acceleration. As
a result, energetic electrons are preferentially reflected back to the upstream.
Shock surfing acceleration provides sufficient energy required for the reflection.
Therefore, it is important not only for the energization process by itself, but also
for triggering the secondary acceleration process. We also present a theoretical
model of the two-step acceleration mechanism based on the simulation results, which
can predict the injection efficiency for subsequent diffusive shock acceleration
process. We show that the injection efficiency obtained by the present model agrees
well with the value obtained by Chandra X-ray observations of SN 1006. At typical
supernova remnant shocks, energetic electrons injected by the present mechanism can
self-generate upstream Alfven waves, which scatter the energetic electrons themselves.</abstract>
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